Wage Theft and Post-return Due Recovery among Indian Migrants from GCC Region

International labour migration from South Asia to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countInternational labour migration from South Asia to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has become an important livelihood strategy for millions of low-wage workers (Azhar 2016). Employment overseas is often framed as a pathway to income security and welfare of migrant households (Khan and Arokkiaraj 2021). A growing body of evidence underscores persistent labour rights violations faced by migrant workers, particularly those employed in low-skilled sectors (Shah 2013). Among these migrants, the issue of wage theft represents one of the most severe forms…