Researchers at the University of St Andrews spent decades filming wild New Caledonian crows and documented individuals sculpting forked twigs into hooks, trimming pandanus leaves into barbed probes, and passing tool designs down family lines with variations so consistent that the birds effectively run regional traditions in stick manufacture
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Two decades of University of St Andrews field and aviary studies have shown that New Caledonian crows manufacture hooked stick tools to specific designs, extract prey faster with them, and safeguard the ones they made. The regional consistency of the designs suggests something close to social tradition in a bird.
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